- Seven years' war : A global conflict between Britain and France from 1754 to 1763 over trade and territory.
- Mercantilism : An economic system where nations compete for wealth, resources, and markets.
- French and indian war : The North American part of the Seven Years' War.
- Articles of capitulation : Terms proposed by the French to keep their language, laws, and religion after surrender.
- Royal proclamation : A 1763 British law that limited French Catholic rights and attempted assimilation.
- Quebec act : A 1774 law that restored French civil law and religious freedom.
- Seigneurial system : A French land system where land was divided into long strips.
- American revolution : A war beginning in 1775 where colonies fought for independence from Britain.
- Boston tea party : A 1773 protest against British taxes.
- Patriots : Colonists who wanted independence from Britain.
- Loyalists : Colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown.
- Black loyalists : Enslaved Black people promised freedom for supporting Britain.
- Haldimand tract : Land granted to the Six Nations for their loyalty to Britain.
- Constitutional act : A 1791 law that divided Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.
- Upper canada : British-law colony settled mostly by Loyalists.
- Lower canada : French-speaking colony with French civil law.
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By: Adi